The effect of cavity-filling mutations on the thermostability of Bacillus stearothermophilus neutral protease

Cavities in the hydrophobic core of the neutral protease ofBacillus stearothermophilus were analyzed using a threedimensionalmodel that was inferred from the crystal structure of thermolysin,the highly homologous neutral protease of B.thermoproteolyticus(85% sequence identity). Site–directed mutagenesis wasused to fill some of these cavities, thereby improving hydrophobicpacking in the protein interior. The mutations had small effectson the thermostability, even after drastic changes, such asLeu284Trp and Met168Trp. The effects on T50, the temperatureat which 50% of the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated in 30min, ranged from 0.0 to +0.4°C. These results can be explainedby assuming that the mutations have positive and negative structuraleffects of approximately the same magnitude. Alternatively,it could be envisaged that the local unfolding steps, whichrender the enzyme susceptible towards autolysis and which arerate limiting in the process of thermal inactivation, are onlyslightly affected by alterations in the hydrophobic core.     

锰酸锂的制备及其在中性电解液中的电容性能

用高温固相法合成尖晶石型锰酸锂(LiMn2O4)电极材料.X射线衍射结果表明:800 ℃下得到纯的尖晶石型LiMn2O4样品.利用恒流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗等测试方法研究LiMn2O4在2 mol/L(NH4)2SO4溶液中的电容性能.结果表明:LiMn2O4电极材料在中性电解液中有较好的电容性能,电极的充放电曲线基本呈线性关系,比容量可达90F/g.电极经500次循环后容量并无衰减,具有极好稳定性.交流阻抗结果显示:LiMn2O4电极材料在2mol/L(NH4)2SO4溶液中内阻仅为0.3Ω.     

表面活性剂在废纸脱墨中的应用

本文研究了废纸再利用中,表面活性剂对废纸脱墨效果的影响,集中研究了12种表面活性剂脱墨性能,筛选出脱墨效果较好的AEO9,SDS,AES,TX-10,T-80和油酸钠6种表面活性剂进行双组分复配,研究结果显示双组分表面活性剂的脱墨效果明显优于单组分表面活性剂。     

混合变时滞不确定中立型系统鲁棒稳定性分析

研究一类含混合变时滞不确定中立系统时滞相关鲁棒稳定性问题。基于时滞中点值,把时滞区间均分成两部分,通过构造包含时滞中点信息的增广泛函和三重积分项的Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K)泛函,利用L-K稳定性定理、积分不等式方法和自由权矩阵技术,建立了一种基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的、与离散时滞和中立时滞均相关的鲁棒稳定性判据。数值算例表明,该判据改善了已有文献的结论,具有更低的保守性。     

Supercritical fluid extraction of fungal oil using CO2, N2O,CHF3 and SF6

The extraction of oil from fungi (Mortierella ramanniana var.angulispora) was studied using carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrous oxide (N₂O), trifluoromethane (CHF₃) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) under supercritical conditions. The oil solubility was highest in SC-N₂O followed by SC-CO₂, while both SC-CHF₃ and SC-SF₆ showed poorer solvent power. The recorded oil solubilities at 333 K and 24.5 MPa were 2.3 wt% in N₂O, 0.48 wt% in CO₂, 0.0099 wt% in CHF₃ and 0.0012 wt% in SF₆. The oil solubilities in SC-N₂O and SC-CO₂ were measured over the pressure range 15.7–29.4 MPa and at temperatures ranging from 313–353 K. N₂O always showed greater solvent power than did CO₂ at the same temperature and pressure. The solvent power of a supercritical fluid increases with density at a given temperature, and increases with temperature at constant density. The change in neutral lipid composition of the extracted oil with the extraction ratio was measured. Free fatty acids or diglycerides were extracted more easily than triglycerides or sterol esters. The change in fatty acid composition was also measured. The proportion of γ-linolenic acid in the extract remained constant throughout the extraction.     

Contribution of the C-terminal amino acid to the stability of Bacillus subtilis neutral protease

The role of the C-terminal Leu300 in maintaining thermal stabilityof the neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis was investigated.From model building studies based on the three dimensional structureof thermolysin, the neutral protease of B.thermoproteolyticus,it was conduded that this residue is located in a hydrophobicpocket composed of residues located in the C-terminal and themiddle domain. To test the hypothesis that Leu300, by contributingto a stabilizing interaction between these domains, is importantfor enzyme stability, several neutral protease mutants wereconstructed and characterized. The thermostability of the enzymewas lowered by deleting Leu300 or by replacing this residueby a smaller (Ala), a polar (Asn) or a sterically unfavourable(He) amino acid. Thermostabiity was increased upon replacingLeu300 by Phe. These results are in agreement with model-buildingstudies. The effects on thermostability observed after mutatingthe corresponding Val318 in the thermostable neutral proteaseof B.stearothermophilus were less pronounced.     

废新闻纸纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与漆酶/介体协同脱墨作用

利用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与漆酶/介体协同对废新闻纸脱墨，对脱墨浆性能的检测结果表明，与单独使用纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和漆酶的脱墨浆相比，协同脱墨浆的残余油墨浓度降低，强度性能提高，经H₂O₂漂白后的白度提高，说明纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与漆酶具有协同脱墨作用，脱墨后纸浆纤维性能有所改善。测定纤维平均长度、粗度、比容和比表面积，并利用环境扫描电境（ESEM）对脱墨过程中脱墨浆纤维的表面性能变化进行了分析，发现与对照浆相比，协同脱墨浆纤维的平均长度和粗度有所降低，而比容和比表面积均提高;纤维素酶、半纤维素酶与漆酶/介体处理后，纤维表面出现细小纤维。     

基于矩阵分解的唯一稳态消谐法在消除中性点接地电力系统铁磁谐振中的应用

唯一稳态消谐法是近年出现的消除非线性系统谐振新的分析方法.将这一方法应用在消除中性点接地电力系统的铁磁谐振的分析中,以矩阵分解为工具,利用向量比较原理,得到了相应的消谐条件.用数值模拟方法验证了该法的有效性.     

Air electrode supported manganese electrocatalysts for neutral electrolyte magnesium air cell

The catalysts of air electrode were prepared by sintering the active carbon loaded with manganese nitrate and potassium permanganate at 360 °C The air electrode was made up of a catalyst layer, a waterproof and gas-permeable layer, a current collecting substrate and a second waterproof and gas-permeable layer. The cell was assembled by the air electrode, pure magnesium anode and 10% NaCl solution used as electrolyte. The microstructures of air electrodes before and after discharging were characterized by SEM. The electrochemical behaviors of the air electrodes were determined by means of polarization curves, volt-ampere curves and constant current discharge curves. The polarization voltage of air electrode is—173 mV (vs SCE) at the current density of 50 mA/cm². The air electrodes exhibits good activity and stability in neutral electrolyte. The magnesium-air cell could work at 5 W for more than 7 h.